Welcome to our take on the enchanting history of Bruges, Belgium’s most famous medieval city. Often called the “Venice of the North” for its romantic canals, Bruges has been shaped by trade, art, and culture for more than a thousand years. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Europe’s most visited destinations, attracting travellers with its cobbled streets, Gothic buildings, and irresistible chocolate shops. Let’s explore how Bruges became the fairy-tale city it is today.
Early Origins (Roman times – 9th century)
The area around Bruges has been inhabited since Roman times, but it was during the 9th century that Bruges began to take shape as a fortified settlement. Built as a defence against Viking raids, the early fortress marked the beginning of Bruges as a place of importance in Flanders.
Its name is believed to come from the Old Norse word bryggja, meaning “harbour” or “mooring place,” reflecting its strong connection with waterways from the very beginning.
Medieval Golden Age (11th – 15th centuries)
Bruges rose to prominence in the Middle Ages thanks to its thriving trade and textile industry. Its strategic location connected it to the North Sea and the major trade routes of the Hanseatic League, turning it into one of the wealthiest cities in Europe.
The famous Belfry of Bruges, the Market Square, and grand guild houses were built during this period, reflecting the city’s power and prosperity. Merchants from all over Europe traded goods in Bruges, from wool and cloth to spices and luxury items.
The city also became a centre for art and culture. Flemish painters such as Jan van Eyck and Hans Memling worked here, leaving behind masterpieces that can still be admired today in the city’s museums.
Decline and Stagnation (16th – 18th centuries)
By the 16th century, Bruges faced decline as its once-vital waterway, the Zwin channel, began to silt up. Trade shifted to nearby Antwerp, and Bruges’ role as a major commercial hub diminished. The city entered a long period of stagnation, with much of its medieval character preserved simply because there was little new development.
Although no longer a centre of power, Bruges retained its charm, with churches, squares, and guild halls standing as reminders of its former glory.
19th Century Rediscovery
In the 19th century, Bruges experienced a revival when it was rediscovered as a tourist destination. Its well-preserved medieval streets and canals attracted writers, artists, and travellers, who were captivated by its atmosphere.
This period also saw Bruges benefit from restoration efforts, which protected its unique architectural heritage and helped secure its future as a cultural treasure.
Bruges in the 20th Century
Bruges survived both World Wars with relatively little damage, unlike many other Belgian cities. After World War II, tourism became an increasingly important part of its economy. In 2000, UNESCO recognised the entire historic centre of Bruges as a World Heritage Site, cementing its place among Europe’s must-visit destinations.
Present Day Bruges
Today, Bruges is one of the most popular tourist cities in Belgium, known for its fairy-tale appearance and cultural experiences. With a population of around 120,000, it retains the feel of a small city but offers attractions to rival Europe’s great capitals.
Top attractions in Bruges include:
- Belfry of Bruges – climb the 366 steps for panoramic views of the city
- Markt (Market Square) – the bustling heart of Bruges, surrounded by guild houses and cafés
- Church of Our Lady – home to Michelangelo’s Madonna and Child sculpture
- Groeningemuseum – showcasing works by the Flemish Primitives
- Canal cruises – the best way to see why Bruges is called the “Venice of the North”
- Tasting local specialities such as Belgian waffles, chocolate, and beer
Bruges offers the perfect blend of history, romance, and charm, making it one of Europe’s most magical destinations.
Book Your Bruges Tour Today!
Bruges is a city that transports visitors back to the Middle Ages while offering modern comforts and delights. Whether you’re exploring its canals, climbing the Belfry, or sampling world-class chocolate, Bruges is guaranteed to leave a lasting impression.
Join us on a Bruges Day Tour from Brussels, and experience the beauty and history of Belgium’s most enchanting city.
