Welcome to our look at the remarkable history of Ghent, one of Belgium’s most beautiful and culturally rich cities. Known for its canals, medieval architecture, and vibrant student life, Ghent combines centuries of history with a modern, creative spirit. Once one of the most powerful trading cities in Europe, it is today a destination beloved by tourists for its stunning Gothic churches, riverside charm, and bustling atmosphere. Let’s explore how Ghent evolved into the treasure it is today.
Early Beginnings (Roman times – 10th century)
Archaeological finds suggest that the area around Ghent has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with settlements growing near the confluence of the rivers Scheldt and Leie. By the Roman period, this fertile region supported agriculture and trade, though Ghent was not yet a major city.
By the 7th century, Ghent rose in prominence when Saint Amand established two important abbeys: Saint Peter’s Abbey and Saint Bavo’s Abbey. These religious centres helped lay the foundations of the city’s identity and wealth.
Medieval Power and Prosperity (11th – 15th centuries)
During the Middle Ages, Ghent became one of the largest and richest cities in northern Europe, thanks to its thriving cloth industry. Wool imported from England was woven into fine textiles and exported across the continent, making Ghent a hub of international trade.
The city’s prosperity gave rise to grand architecture, including Saint Bavo’s Cathedral, home to the world-famous Adoration of the Mystic Lamb altarpiece by the Van Eyck brothers. The medieval Gravensteen Castle still stands as a reminder of the Counts of Flanders’ power. Ghent’s citizens were also known for their independence and often clashed with rulers over taxes and autonomy.
Under Burgundian and Habsburg Rule (15th – 18th centuries)
By the 15th century, Ghent became part of the Burgundian Netherlands and later the Habsburg Empire. The city’s strategic importance and wealth meant it often found itself at the centre of political struggles. In the 16th century, Ghent was a hotbed of resistance during the Reformation, with Protestant ideas spreading rapidly.
However, Ghent’s defiance also brought hardship. Emperor Charles V, born in Ghent, imposed harsh measures after the city resisted his rule, including the humiliating “pardon of Ghent” where rebellious citizens were forced to walk barefoot before him. Despite this, Ghent remained a centre of learning and craftsmanship.
Industrial Revolution (19th century)
In the 19th century, Ghent became one of the first industrialised cities on the European continent. Its textile industry once again thrived, with cotton mills and factories reshaping the urban landscape. The arrival of modern canals and railways further boosted Ghent’s role as a trade and industry hub.
This period also saw cultural growth, with the founding of Ghent University in 1817, which remains one of Belgium’s most prestigious institutions today.
Ghent in the 20th Century
Ghent endured hardship during both World Wars, with German occupation affecting daily life. However, the city’s historic centre survived largely intact. By the mid-20th century, Ghent began revitalising its medieval core, preserving canals, guild houses, and cathedrals that now define the city’s character.
In 1913, Ghent hosted the World’s Fair, which introduced landmarks such as the Ghent–Sint-Pieters railway station and showcased the city on an international stage.
Present Day Ghent
Today, Ghent is a lively city of over 250,000 residents, known for its blend of medieval heritage and youthful energy. A thriving student population brings creativity and nightlife, while the historic centre draws millions of visitors each year.
Top attractions in Ghent include:
- Saint Bavo’s Cathedral and the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb altarpiece
- Gravensteen Castle, a medieval fortress in the heart of the city
- The picturesque Graslei and Korenlei waterfronts
- Belfry of Ghent, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Saint Nicholas’ Church, a fine example of Scheldt Gothic architecture
- Canal cruises offering views of Ghent’s medieval skyline
With its canals, cobblestone streets, art treasures, and lively festivals, Ghent is often described as Belgium’s best-kept secret—though once you visit, you’ll understand why it’s no secret at all.
Book Your Ghent Tour Today!
Ghent offers visitors the chance to step back into the Middle Ages while enjoying the energy of a modern, youthful city. From its awe-inspiring cathedral to its riverside charm, Ghent has something for every traveller.
Join us on a Ghent Day Tour from Brussels, and discover the history, culture, and beauty of this unforgettable Belgian city.
